![]() ![]() To place your order click NSC.Ĭurrent students: Log on to m圜hargerNet, and click on the “View Transcript” link under the Self-Service options on the Student tab. It may be sent within a matter of minutes or a few hours depending on the volume, etc. If ordering an eTranscript (PDF) please allow adequate time for processing, confirmation, and delivery notifications. This vendor provides this service through an agreement with Columbia State Community College and it is considered secure and encrypted. Electronic transcripts can be ordered 24/7 using NSC and are the quickest and most efficient method for receiving/delivering transcripts.Ĭurrent and former students may order transcripts online 24/7 using NSC’s service. In partnership with the National Student Clearinghouse (NSC), Columbia State now provides an option for requesting official transcripts online and having these delivered electronically. Print and complete the Transcript Request Print Form.The quickest and most efficient way to request a transcript is to utilize eTranscripts through the National Student Clearinghouse (information below).Ĭurrent students can choose to submit a transcript request form by email or order online through m圜hargerNet. Former students and alumni - use the SSB link below to access your account and order your official transcript. Your request can be mailed to 100 Hobart Drive, Hillsboro, OH, 45133, or faxed directly to the Records Office at (937) 393-6682. Print and complete the Transcript Request Print Form and mail or fax it to the Records Office. ![]() The office is located in room 110.10 on Central Campus and is open during Campus Operational Hours. Print and complete the Transcript Request Print Form and submit it to the Records Office. (If you have not attended SSCC for 2 years or longer, you will not be able to submit your request using the Online option.) Option 2. You will need to navigate to MyRecords > Student > Course Information > Student Forms. OnlineĬomplete the Online Transcript Request Form within MyRecords. Your final grades should now be available on your transcript. Options for Ordering Official Transcripts: Option 1. Please be sure your request includes all of the following: full name, address, phone, student ID number or social security number, complete address of where your transcript is to be sent and signature. If you do not have access to print the request form, you may write out your request on paper. Transcript requests will not be processed if a balance is owed to the college. Transcript requests are normally processed within five working days. ![]() (Click 'Course Information' > 'Student Forms') To issue an Official Transcript, the Records Office requires a completed Transcript Request Form from you. Official Southern State Transcripts are a complete record of a student's enrollment at Southern State, and are important to third parties so that they can be assured of authenticity (originating directly from SSCC) and content accuracy. Students currently applying to Southern State need to contact your high school to request that your final transcript be sent to the Office of Admission. Unofficial transcripts are available to current students via self-service through MyRecords, and are a means by which students may review their academic record. Official transcripts are produced by the Records Office and must be ordered according to the instructions below. ![]() ![]()
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![]() ![]() The world Diablo IV Made with high detail and contains many different details. The graphic style of the game is realistic and dark, which suits the theme of the Diablo series. DIFFERENT QUALITY MODESĪs mentioned earlier, Diablo IV uses a new game engine "Skeletal", which provides high-quality graphics. GRAPHICS SETTINGSĭiablo IV Beta has a fairly wide range of graphics settings.īelow we have provided screenshots of the game at various graphics settings, where our readers can see the difference between the minimum and maximum graphics quality settings. The Skeletal engine is expected to provide high levels of graphics and performance, as well as the ability to create unique game worlds full of details and features. In addition, new features have been added such as dynamic weather conditions that can affect gameplay. The physics has also been improved, which allows you to more realistically interact with the outside world. ![]() The engine uses the latest technologies such as ray tracing to create realistic lighting, shadows and reflections. This is a new engine designed specifically for Diablo IV, which was designed to provide players with an incredibly beautiful and realistic game world, full of details and effects. GAME ENGINEĭiablo IV uses a game engine developed by Blizzard Entertainment called "Skeletal". Priority and main graphics API for Diablo IV Beta is DX 12. Particular attention is paid to the version of the graphics engine used, the version of the API used, graphics settings and the quality of the development of the main visual aspects. In this subsection of our review, the main graphical aspects of this game are revealed. This video card is based on the RDNA 3 architecture, operates at a frequency of 3000 MHz and has 24 gigabytes of video memory. In our test, this time the top video card of the company participates Sapphire Radeon RX 7900 XTX Pulse. In our review, we used RAM: 32 GB DDR4 3600 CL16 Kingston FURY Renegade, 32 GB DDR4 4000 CL18 Kingston FURY Renegade, 32GB DDR5 6000 Kingston FURY Renegade. You can get acquainted directly with the testing of this motherboard on our website. ![]() In our review, we present you with a motherboard MSI MPG Z790 Edge WiFi. This video card is based on the Ada Lovelace architecture, operates at a frequency of 2750 MHz, has 16384 stream processors and 24 gigabytes of video memory. ![]() Our test now includes MSI GEFORCE RTX 4090 GAMING X TRIO 24 GB. These motherboards are used by us as stands for testing new generations of processors. In our review we present you motherboards GIGABYTE Z790 GAMING XAX. This video card is based on the RDNA 3 architecture, operates at a frequency of 2500 MHz and has 20 gigabytes of video memory. In our test, this time the top video card of the company participates ASUS TUF Gaming Radeon RX 7900 XT OC Edition 20GB. The GeForce RTX 4070 Ti is based on the AD104 GPU and features 7680 CUDA cores and 12GB of GDDR6X memory. In our test, this time the top video card of the company participates ASUS ROG Strix GeForce RTX 4070 Ti OC. For the file subsystem, the motherboard supports 3x M.2 PCIe 5.0/4.0 x4 slots and 4x SATA 6Gb/s ports. ROG Strix B650-A Gaming WiFi includes 4 DIMM DDR5 modules with a maximum capacity of up to 64 GB and a frequency of up to 6400 MHz. In our review, we present you with a motherboard ASUS ROG Strix B650-A Gaming Wi-Fi. Our test this time involves a new video card from the company ASUS TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4080OC. We also have an overview of the "old" hardware in the game on our website.ĭiablo IV Beta- PC performance graphics benchmarks of old Graphics Cards and Processors NEW PRODUCTS FROM ASUS FOR TESTING In addition, the test results can be useful for choosing a graphics card and processor when upgrading a computer to ensure that it can run games at high performance. This helps gamers determine the optimal graphics settings to achieve the best performance and visual quality on their systems. Tests of video cards and processors in Diablo IV Betas were conducted in order to determine the performance of the computer when running this game on various graphics settings. ![]() ![]() ![]() Child must be 5 years old by September 1, 2023, in order to register. The Welcome Center will continue to provide support as needed, but schools should be the first option for new registrations. New student registrations and transfers should follow the instructions below. Proof of required immunizations from the child’s doctorĪdditional documents such as an IEP, 504 plan, medication and allergy information, custody order, etc.įind the full Registration Checklist here. You can upload to your online application now if you have them: Proof of residence in Palm Beach County (two current documents reflecting the correct residential street address, such as a driver’s license, electric bill, mortgage, lease agreement, rent receipt, United States Postal Service confirmation of address change, credit card statement, etc.).ĭocuments due prior to the first day of school. Proof of birth ( birth certificate, passport, religious records) Required documents for your online application: In addition, incoming kindergarten students whose families completed a 'Request for Student ID Number' for the purpose of submitting a Choice application for the 2023-2024 school year will need to register in person at their Choice or zoned school during school hours following the release of Choice lottery results on March 31, 2023, at 4 p.m. Students enrolled in pre-kindergarten in the School District of Palm Beach County (including charter schools), Childfind Participants, and students enrolled in pre-kindergarten through Florida Empowerment Scholarship will need to register for kindergarten in person. Programs are offered through our Palm Beach Virtual School and at 28 Adult and Community Education sites, including our Adult Education Center and eight satellite locations.Transport 60,000 students daily covering approximately 13 million miles per year.335 award-winning career academy programs.Chinese, French, Italian, Latin, Spanish, Japanese, and American Sign Language.District schools offer instruction in several languages, such as:.Students representing 197 different countries and territories.92.8% graduation rate in District-operated schools.167,560 students attend District-operated schools.189,805 students (this number includes students that attend non-District-operated Charter Schools).10th largest school district in the nation.A high-performing, A-rated, large urban school district.Planning and Intergovernmental Relations.Multicultural Education and Migrant Education Programs (MEP).Environmental and Conservation Services.Deputy Superintendent and Chief of Schools.Compensation and Employee Information Services.Voluntary Prekindergarten (VPK) Programs.Student Internship and Volunteer Opportunities.School Environmental Safety Incident Reporting (SESIR).Reproductive Health and Disease Education.Physical Education, Health and Drivers Ed (Middle and High Schools).Physical Education and Health (Elementary Schools).Paper 24/7 Tutoring Access for Students.Microsoft Office Suite Free for Students.McKinney-Vento Program (MVP) - Homelessness.International Baccalaureate (IB) Programs.Instructional Materials (Textbook) Adoption.Implementation Plan for Required Instruction.ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages).Elementary, Middle and High School Subject Areas.African, African American, Latino, Holocaust, and Gender Studies. ![]() ![]() 'Gifted' is not without it's displays of some original laughs. Grandma wants to plug her into The Matrix. Her arguments and assessments are hopelessly air-tight and seamless, leaving Uncle Frank and his lawyer scrambling.įrank just wants Mary to be a little girl. As the legal proceedings unfold, Evelyn verbally fire-bombs the entire court room from the stand without batting an eye in her fight for custody of Mary. Evelyn is a poised and proper Englishwoman armed with a titanium intellect few would want to challenge. One very powerful supporting role is supplied by Lindsay Duncan who portrays Evelyn the Grandmother. In fact, Mary's personality is also far developed beyond her peers, exhibiting a sarcastic and jaded sense of humor more on par with a bunch of 40-year olds downing a shot or two after a particularly bad day at work.Īfter Mary's abilities are discovered by her first grade teacher, the inevitable battle for command of her future quickly unfolds. Grace's performance does raise a few eye brows as she very convincingly plays a precocious and genius little girl plagued with boredom being surrounded by the dead-weight of average students she has nothing in common with. McKenna Grace plays little Mary who's character is at the center of attention whether she likes it or not. The premise was intriguing: What to do with a seven year old mathematical prodigy caught between a cozy, loving household occupied by her doting Uncle Frank and a one-eyed cat named Fred, and a challenging but cold academic world ready to pace her on mental treadmills for the rest of her life. I only found it only after tapping out the local AMC 24 and driving a few extra miles to see something new. ![]() Had seen no adds, heard no word of mouth, pretty much nothing. This is a film with many levels of message and one that should be seen by a very wide audience. Octavia Spencer and Lindsay Duncan offer definitive performances in tough roles. The story explores the relationship between a caring uncle who salvaged his niece when the mother of the girl (a brilliant mathematician) commits suicide – yearning to offer the brilliant gifted niece a 'normal life' despite custody battles and grandmother opinions.Ĭhris Evans continues to prove that he is one of our more important serious actors of the day and eleven year old Mckenna Grace demonstrates why she is on of the most frequently seen young actresses in the young role parts. Jenny Slate is Mary's teacher, Bonnie, a young woman whose concern for her student develops into a connection with her uncle as well. Octavia Spencer plays Roberta, Frank and Mary's landlady and best friend. Frank's plans for a normal school life for Mary are foiled when the seven-year-old's mathematical abilities come to the attention of Frank's formidable mother Evelyn (Lindsay Duncan) whose plans for her granddaughter threaten to separate Frank and Mary. Marc Webb who has gathered an impeccable cast to enact this touching drama directs his sensitive story with aplomb.įrank Adler (Chris Evans) is a single man raising a child prodigy - his spirited young niece Mary (Mckenna Grace) in a coastal town in Florida. GIFTED is also about family connections and the impact on children whose parents are lost to them by separation whether in death by natural causes, by suicide, or by desertion. ![]() ![]() Screenwriter Tom Flynn offers a well-considered and genuinely moving story about how we deal with gifted children – and adults. ![]() ![]() ![]() The ships in tournament mode are not controlled by the player, rather, the AI decides how to attack and defend depending on how the ships have been designed and the behavior of the opponents they are facing. In tournament mode, players can select ships that they have created or downloaded from other players, and pit them against each other in pool mode or bracket mode. Players progress through the game by collecting resources, building a fleet, capturing territory, and activating damaged space stations. The in game world is a single large open "galaxy", populated with rival factions. ![]() Reassembly's creative, modular ship building has been compared to playing with LEGO. Each component gives a unique attribute or ability to the ship. ![]() Players build their ships out of various geometric pieces, including hull, armor, thrusters, weapons, shield projectors, and various other functional components. Modding support is currently available in the "2nd time Beta testing" for the game on Steam, where users who have bought the game have an option to download and test the "second Beta". This feature allowed players to create and publish their own custom factions, ships, and features. In April 2015, the developer Arthur Danskin announced the ability to add modding support into the game. A funding campaign on Kickstarter has raised about $35,308 to further contributes to the effort on the development of the game. (ships also slowly regenerate parts when not in combat). The new name was chosen for the reason that it clearly states an important feature of the game, when your ships are damaged, you reassemble by tractor beaming in any nearby transients parts that floating around, and rebuilding your ships based on the blueprint design created by the player on the fleet configuration screen. Later in development, the developer of the game decided to change the name to Reassembly. During the alpha testing the game was originally being developed under the name Gamma Void. ![]() ![]() To connect to an existing SQLite database, specify a file path to the database file in the File field. ![]() user The database account that you want to access. To learn how to work with database objects in DataGrip, see Database objects. In the Column Name, type or select the column that you want to make a primary key. dbname The database that you want to access. Click the Add button () in the Columns pane of the primary key editor tab. You need either to explicitly disable SSL by setting useSSL=false, or set useSSL=true and provide truststore for server certificate verification. To download an SSL certificate, see Using SSL/TLS to encrypt a connection to a DB instance. For compliance with existing applications not using SSL the verifyServerCertificate property is set to 'false'. According to MySQL 5.5.45+, 5.6.26+ and 5.7.6+ requirements SSL connection must be established by default if explicit option isn't set. Problem connecting to your database SQLState - 08001Ĭom.4.MySQLNonTransientConnectionException: Public Key Retrieval is not allowedÄ«elow is the output of logs/catalina.out 2 14:35:35.680 INFO .Catalina.start Server startup in 6392 msįri Apr 20 14:37: WARN: Establishing SSL connection without server's identity verification is not recommended. : Illegal operation on empty result set.Ä«ut if "skip_ssl" is written to my.cnf and restarted mysql, then it shows the following error message. Problem connecting to your database SQLState - S1000 When ssl is enabled, and tries to connect to the database, confluence setup reports the following. If you have further questions or problems to follow the instructions, feel free to comment.My db server is mysql 8.0.11 and driver version 5.1.46. ![]() Now copy your redshift jdbc url (you can find it in your cluster configuration under "Cluster Database Properties") into the URL field and fill the user and password fields with your credentials. Now you can go to the data sources menu (â ) and click on the "+" symbol in the top left corner and select the Driver you just created (in my case it's called "Redshift") as the data source type. Under class, select 41.Driver, under Dialect, select PostgreSQL. Give it a good name like 'Redshift' and in the bottom part, click on the + Symbol under Driver files, select the driver you just downloaded and click OK. ![]() Right-Click on one of the pre-installed drivers or somewhere in the driver section. If you have a JDBC driver, add it to DataGrip, connect to your DBMS, and start working. ![]() Supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, and more. Databases can work locally, on a server, or in the cloud. It is designed to query, create, and manage databases. Then you open DataGrip and go to the data sources menu (â ). DataGrip is a database management environment for developers. Just download them to a directory where you can keep them. The data source includes a name and connection settings that are dependent on the data source type. Data source is the location of your data and can be a server or a DDL file. If you want to connect DataGrip to Redshift I suggest you use the jdbc drivers from AWS. To issue a query to a database, you must create a data source connection. ![]() ![]() ![]() The now 23 model and actress has since grown into a fine woman and it shows: She was criticized for her weight, as her thin frame became more evident in other ads for Channel. She appeared in campaign for Chanel, in 2015 when she was only 16 years old. ![]() ![]() She is the daughter of Johnny Depp and Vanessa Paradis. Today she is 28 years old and maintain a thriving acting career. The picture is inspired by Nabokov’s novel, Lolita in which a grown man seduces a 12-year-old girl The AD above is for the Oh Lola! perfume and it was actually banned in UK for the provocative way in which a child was sexualized. If you’re wondering how she looks like now, here’s a photo: The model is now 28 and still maintain a solid modeling career. She earned her international recognition with her Hermes campaign and featured on the covers of Japan’s Harper’s Bazaar. She was only 13 old when she was photographed licking cupcake frosting from her hand. Now she is 56 years old and has walked away from the whole modeling scene. She was only 11 years old when she was featured in the October 1976 issue of the magazine, in a set by Bourboulon. She is the youngest girl ever to appear in a Playboy nude pictorial. At 5 years old she was modelling for her mother’s erotic photographs. She is the daughter of the Romanian-French photographer Irina Ionesco. Via instagram 8. Eva Ionesco (at 11 years old she was featured in Playboy) Here is a photo of her now so you can get some reference: She is 20 years old now and has already won the Model of the Year Award at the Front Row Awards and multiple awards since. ![]() She began modelling at the tender age of 13. She resembles her famous mother diva and she has already signed as the face of Marc Jacobs Beauty. She is the daughter of Cindy Crawford and Rande Gerber. She did her first shooting at 13 with Storm Management, the agency that also propelled Kate Moss in her career.īeing a sister of a famous actress and model always help boost your career, she is now 24 and looking better than ever. Today, she is already 15 and we could not find new photos of her 6. The magazine was really under fire for over-sexualizing a young girl When she was 9 years old, she appeared on the cover of Haven, dressed in a two-piece vintage circus costume, with her hair teased and holding a light globe. 9-year-old cover girl from Harven magazine She is now 19 years old and we could not find any new photos of her doing modeling work, she might turned into a different profession. She was the youngest model ever to feature in London Fashion Week, in 2006 when she was discovered by iconic fashion designer Zandra Rhodes. There’s a lot on her plate, that’s for sureĪs the years passed by, Momoka is now 18 years old and trying to become an actress while still doing modeling to pay the bills. Since then, she has numerous modeling gigs, while trying to stay up to date with her studies, ballet lessons and her hobbies. Her modelling career began with her appearance at the 48th MFJ Grand Prix, in Japan, in 2016.She was only 12 years old at that time and was looking like a real “race queen”. Today is is already 21 and has grown a lot since she rose to fame, but one thing is for sure, her beauty only got better with age, here’s a picture of how she looks like now: ![]() ![]() ![]() The whole package together gives agents a formidable arsenal of tools for searching your MLS, buyer and seller lead generation, lead nurturing with gorgeous listing updates, and finally powerful listing presentation software to seal the deal.įollow Up Boss is a lightweight, laser targeted lead management system designed for Realtors and teams to nail their lead nurturing targets day-to-day quickly and easily. Even better, Cloud MLX is designed to work seamlessly with the other apps in their Cloud Agent Suite Cloud CMA, Cloud Attract, and Cloud Streams. Their Cloud MLX app sits right on top of your mls and gives you a Google-like way to access that data faster, easier, and without the headaches.ĭuring a recent chat with W+R CEO Greg Robertson, he let me in on the mantra that helps them make such innovative software: Make it simple, make it elegant, and make it easy to use. That’s where companies like W+R Studios come in. Want to know why? Your MLS doesn’t have the time, resources, or expertise to design and build sleek, modern tools to access their treasure trove of data. Tiny fonts, dozens of tiny checkboxes and dropdown menus, and a design aesthetic that screams AOL 95. One of the most common complaints I here from newer Realtors is that their MLS interfaces look and feel like they were built in 1994. It will even use AI to tell you when the best time to reach out to different leads is.Ĭontactually is one of the best platforms for Realtors who are serious about automating their relationship marketing and reaching the right lead, with the right message, at the right time. While many CRM’s let you tag leads and send out drip campaigns, Contactually takes it a step further and offers complex automation and lead nurturing features in order to help you build and maintain relationships. While it may not be free, Contactually helps you automate and manage your most valuable asset as a Realtor. They also offer lead capture, landing pages, analytics and more with your account.ĥ. It let’s you create video at tehe drop of a hat and reach your leads where they’re most likely to pay attention, via email and text. That’s why BombBomb is a must have for any serious agent. This is why almost every single real estate tech pundit from Gary Vaynerchuck to Peter Lorimer agree that video is the future of real estate marketing. Of course when you get emails or texts from the same agents… well the magic not only fades, it pretty much disappears. You just can’t help but trust whatever it is their saying and leave the conversation wanting to hear more. As you might imagine, they’re all absolutely amazing communicators in person or over skype. Get on board while it’s still free!Īfter interviewing dozens of Real Trends 500 agents over the years, one thing really stands out. ![]() Amitree recently closed a $7 million round of funding to build out more functionality into an already fairly robust platform. Even better, Sand Hill Road has taken notice. After all, it’s free, sits right on top of Gmail, and offers some pretty amazing transaction management and organization tasks for busy Realtors. Amitree Folio (Super Lightweight Transaction Management)Īmitree’s Folio has always been the well kept secret weapon of many newbie agents. It also talks to a ton of your favorite lead gen/CRM platform’s like Real Geeks, BoomTown, Kunversion, Placester and more.ģ. ![]() Structurely’s AI chatbot Aisa (Artificial Intelligence Sales Agent) Holmes allows you to qualify your web leads while you’re out showing and pitching. They were clunky, slow, or too robot-like to be useful. The only problem is that the vast majority of solutions on offer weren’t quite ready for prime time. While AI chatbots have been threatening (not in a skynet sense, but you get the idea…) to “disrupt” real estate lead nurturing for a long time now. Structurely (AI Chatbots, Lead Qualifying) Their team focused platform for 2018 boasts lead generation, a robust CRM with AI features like behavioral lead response, text messaging, and even an auto dialer.Ģ. One of the early movers in the all-in-one real estate lead generation and CRM platforms, Inside Real Estate’s kvCORE platform is finally ready for its close up. Is this finally the year the real estate industry gets the disruptive tools and apps other industries enjoy? Read on to check out our 20 top picks for the best time saving, lead generating, and innovative real estate software: Whether you’re running a top producing team or just starting out, having the best real estate software at your disposal will put you well ahead of other agents. ![]() ![]() Simultaneously expand the View section and then click on Playlist. Step 3: In the media window switch to the Network tab and paste the URL of the embedded video that you wish to download. Step 2: Run the player and in the bar present at the top expand the Media section and click on Open Network Stream or use the shortcut keys Ctrl and N together. Step 1: Download the VLC media player on your device ( If not downloaded already) and Install it by applying the instructions displayed on your screen. One such example is the capability of the VLC media player to download embedded videos on your Windows devices. We often seek solutions and applications outside our PC environment whereas some answers lie within our PC itself. Step 3: After that, click on the ‘Paste Link’ button in the application, select the video quality, and then press the ‘Download’ button. Step 2: Copy the video URL from the browser that you wish to download on your device. Step 1: Open the 4K Video Downloader application. All that you are required to do is, install the 4K Video Downloader application on your device and then follow the steps below. 4K Video DownloaderĤK Video Downloader is an impeccable application to download video and audio from YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and similar sites on Linux, Windows PC, and macOS absolutely for free. Now you can easily play the downloaded embedded video on your PC. That is how B圜lick Downloader can be used to download the embedded videos from any of the websites. Wait till the download for the embedded video completes on your computer.Īnd it’s done. Step 5: Choose the format of the video and its quality. Step 4: Click on the required option i.e MP# download or Video Download. ![]() Step 3: Run the software and paste the link of Embedded video from the desired website. ![]() Step 2: Apply the on-screen instruction to Install the downloaded setup file. Step 1: Click on the Download option to download the B圜lick Downloader on your device. Without any further ado here are the steps that can be used to download Embedded video through B圜lick Downloader. Moreover, the tool has the option to download videos in the desired format such as HD, 4K, etc. It enables users to download embedded videos from Youtube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, Vimeo, Metacafe, Flickr, and other similar websites. Here are some of the most efficient video downloader tools that are worth giving a try.Īnother very handy yet effective tool to download embedded videos is B圜lick Downloader. You may find several video downloaders in the market that not only allows you to download HD-quality videos from the various video sharing sites but also helps in downloading the ones that are embedded in the website’s page. Method 2: Download the Video with Free Video Downloaders Read Also: How To Download YouTube Videos For Free
![]() ![]() This is not good, since low genetic diversity and high inbreeding may increase the risk of extinction in the present-day species.” “This suggests that recent population declines caused by hunting and habitat destruction have had an impact on the genomes. “However, we also find that present-day rhinos have lower genetic diversity, and higher levels of inbreeding, compared to our historical and prehistoric rhinoceros genomes,” he followed. This may explain why rhinos have persisted for so long despite their apparent low levels of genetic diversity within their populations.ĭalén says that the findings are “partly good news, and partly not.” For one, their findings reveal that despite low genetic diversity, rhinos have maintained relatively healthy populations. This, Westbury continued, is apparently consistent with the observed notion that rhinos apparently lack what are called deleterious mutations in their genome, or mutations that would otherwise make the rhino susceptible to certain diseases and disorders that would have impacted their survival. Mick Westbury, from the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, added that “continuously low population sizes may indicate that rhinoceroses in general are adapted to low levels of diversity.” Westbury noted that the five extant and three extinct species they analyzed experienced a constant decrease in population size over the last 2 million years. To some extent, this means that the low genetic diversity we see in present-day rhinos, which are all endangered, is partly a consequence of their biology.” Said Love Dalén, from the Centre for Palaeogenetics at the Swedish Museum of Natural History: “We can now show that the main branch in the rhinoceroses’ tree of life is among geographic regions Africa versus Eurasia, and not between the rhinos that have one versus two horns.” (Both the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have two horns the other three surviving species have only one.) Dalén also added that “all rhinoceroses-even the extinct ones-have comparatively low genetic diversity. For starters, the African and Eurasian lineages of rhinos split about 16 million years ago. The team’s findings reveal new insights on the endangered family of animals. ![]() (National Museum of Nature and Science/Wikimedia Commons, 2012) Their study was published in the journal Cell.Ī skeletal cast of Paraceratherium transouralicum at Tokyo’s National Museum of Nature and Science. Now, an international team of researchers has opted to use genetic analysis to finally get to the root of how these animals-the five extant and other three extinct species-are all related. Aside from this, most of their rhino relatives died out right before the Pleistocene epoch around 2.5 million years ago fossils of rhinos and rhino relatives have been found scattered across the Earth for decades now, including the famous 5-m (16.4-ft.) high and 10-m (32.8-ft.) long Paraceratherium, known to be one of the largest land mammals to ever walk the Earth despite this, efforts to truly understand just how these distant rhino relatives are related had been sporadic at best. As one will notice, these giants of the forest are separated by vast tracts of continental land, and even oceans. One such question that, up until recently, has been difficult to answer is the relationship between these five surviving species of rhinos. As such, it has proven difficult for scientists to study these animals for research finding them undisturbed in the wild ends up being quite an effort, not to mention the actual research work that needs to be done to find what you need to find on them. These beautiful animals have sadly been regulars on the endangered species list for decades now, as humans have been overhunting these beasts to near-extinction for their horns, which some cultures use as part of their traditional medicine. ![]() Four of the five remaining species of rhinos are in the picture above: (clockwise from upper left) the white, Sumatran, Indian, and black rhinoceros. ![]() |